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How to use bolts USE
Standards for Tightening Bolts
Common specifications: Thread diameters usually include M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M18, M20, etc; Common screw lengths include 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, etc.
Materials: Including alloy steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, plastic, copper, etc.
Standards: Such as GB 77-2000, ISO 4026-2003, ANSI/ASME B18.2.1, etc.
Tightening bolts with different end shapes are suitable for different occasions:
⚙️ Hexagonal flat end set screw (DIN 913)
The contact surface is flat and does not damage the surface after tightening. It is suitable for hard surfaces or parts that often need adjustment.
⚙️ Hexagonal cone end set screw (DIN 914)
It is suitable for use on parts with lower hardness by using its sharp cone to press against the contact surface.
⚙️ Internal hexagon concave end set screw (DIN 916)
The end is concave, generally used to fix the shaft end, and the top tightening surface is mostly cylindrical, suitable for parts with high hardness.
⚙️ Internal hexagon convex end tightening screw (DIN 915)
Its specific usage scenario depends on actual needs.
The specifications of tightening bolts mainly include the diameter, length, pitch, end shape, and material of the bolt. These specification parameters will significantly affect their application, as shown below:
1
Diameter: The larger the diameter of the bolt, the stronger its load-bearing capacity is usually. In situations where large loads need to be borne, such as in large mechanical structures, larger diameter fastening bolts are used; In equipment with smaller loads, using smaller diameter fastening bolts can meet the requirements.
2
Length: The length determines the depth to which the bolt can penetrate into the object being fastened. Longer bolts can provide better fastening and stability, but in limited space, it may be necessary to choose shorter bolts.
3
Pitch: Tightening bolts with smaller pitch have relatively better self-locking performance and are suitable for situations with less vibration and no need for frequent adjustment; Bolts with larger pitch have faster screw in speed and are suitable for parts that require quick installation or frequent adjustment.
4
End shape: Different end shapes have different functions and application scenarios. For example, flat end fastening bolts have minimal damage to the contact surface during tightening, and are commonly used in situations where surface hardness is high or surface integrity is required; Cone end tightening bolts can better embed the fastened object and are suitable for materials with lower hardness; Concave end tightening bolts are suitable for fixing cylindrical surfaces such as shaft ends; The convex end tightening bolt can be flexibly applied according to specific situations.
5
Material: The material determines the strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the bolt. In harsh environments such as high temperature and corrosion, it is necessary to choose materials with corresponding resistance, such as stainless steel or high-temperature alloy materials for tightening bolts.
General Bolt Connection Rules:
1
For general bolt connections, flat washers should be placed under the bolt head and nut to increase the pressure-bearing area.
2
Flat washers should be placed on the bolt head and nut side respectively, and there should generally be no more than 2 flat washers placed on the bolt head side, and there should generally be no more than 1 flat washer placed on the nut side.
3
For bolts and anchor bolts designed with anti-loosening requirements, the nut or spring washer of the anti-loosening device should be used, and the spring washer must be set on the side of the nut.
4
For bolt connections bearing dynamic loads or important parts, spring washers should be placed according to the design requirements, and spring washers must be set on the side of the nut.
5
For I-beams and channel steels, inclined washers should be used when using inclined plane connections to make the bearing surface of the nut and bolt head perpendicular to the screw.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are the common thread diameters for tightening bolts?
Common thread diameters for tightening bolts include M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M18, and M20.
When should I choose a DIN 913 flat end set screw over a DIN 914 cone end?
Choose a DIN 913 flat end set screw for hard surfaces or frequently adjusted parts since it does not damage the contact surface. Choose a DIN 914 cone end set screw for parts with lower hardness, as the sharp cone presses directly into the surface for a firmer grip.
How does thread pitch affect the self-locking performance of a bolt?
Tightening bolts with a smaller pitch offer better self-locking performance, making them ideal for environments with less vibration. Larger pitch bolts allow for faster installation and are better suited for parts requiring frequent adjustments.
What are the recommended guidelines for placing flat washers on a bolt?
Flat washers should be placed under both the bolt head and the nut. Typically, you should place no more than 2 flat washers on the bolt head side and no more than 1 flat washer on the nut side.
Where should the spring washer be installed in an anti-loosening connection?
For connections with anti-loosening requirements or those bearing dynamic loads, the spring washer must always be set on the side of the nut.